- Category: Windtech Future
It came to my mind to do some calculations of how many wind turbines we need to power the whole world with renewable energy. Of course, in the future when we run out of fossil fuels, or we are forced not to use fossil fuels any more to survive on Planet Earth, wind will not be the only alternative source of energy. Considering that hydro, wind, solar, wave, geothermal and other renewables may provide say 70–80% of the world’s energy needs in the future, it is reasonable to predict that wind energy will account for over 20%.
By Ahmad Hemami, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Category: Windtech Future
It is likely that many of the people who in one way or another work with wind turbines, the environment and energy know about the good, the bad and the ugly of wind turbines. The good news is that the ugly is expected to become less so.
By Ahmad Hemami, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Category: Windtech Future
Advancing from type 1 turbines with a squirrel-cage generator to a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) was a great step, as it allowed much better wind power grasp. The ability to take part of the generated power from the rotor through power converters made it possible for a wind turbine to benefit from a large proportion of the available, otherwise lost, energy in winds with higher speed. Also, in order to lower the cut-in speed from about 5 to 3–3.5m/s, it was decided to run a turbine at sub-synchronous speed. This called for switching of the roles in the back-to-back converters. This arrangement has been traditionally continued to all the later and larger turbines.
By Ahmad Hemami, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Category: Windtech Future
After continuous growth to 12MW (Haliade 12), now the wind turbine manufacturers are targeting 14 to 15MW, and 20MW turbines are expected to be available within a few years. But how far can this continue, thinking about the large mass of the nacelle, the yaw system and all the other components? Will there be any new design entering the race or will the three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) in its almost standard form continue to be the norm for wind turbines? It can be envisaged that for some time this will remain the norm until a breakthrough happens.
By Ahmad Hemami, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Category: Windtech Future
Thinking about the time when a major portion of electricity will be provided by wind, solar and other renewable sources, in which power converters play a significant role, the question of power quality pops up. Presently, in many places the amount of generated energy that passes through these converters is very small but now that there is a shift from type 3 turbines (with doubly-fed induction generator, DFIG) to type 4 (direct drive) for the growing offshore turbines, the presence of harmonics lowers the quality of the generated power. In turbines equipped with a DFIG at least 2/3 of the power travels through the stator winding, i.e. there is a clean sinusoidal waveform with no harmonics, but with direct-drive turbines, inevitably all the generated electricity must pass through converters.
By Ahmad Hemami, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Category: Windtech Future
Tremendous progress can be observed in wind turbines and their technology development, as demonstrated by the increase in their size and power capture capability. The growth in size, however, cannot be indefinite and eventually reaches a limit, from a practicality viewpoint. All newer generations of current wind turbines from almost all manufacturers in the past 40+ years have been based on improving the previous generation as well as making them larger. This is true except for a few models that could not survive or even could not enter the market, for whatever reason.
By Ahmad Hemami, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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