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- Category: Articles
Multiple Use of Space
The Netherlands has a high potential for using wind turbine generators (WTGs) to produce electricity. Unfortunately, the Netherlands also has a chronic lack of free, open spaces and the major problem is finding suitable locations to erect these symbols of Dutch ingenuity. Where in the Netherlands are locations to be found to accommodate the large, multi-megawatt wind generators while taking into consideration the environment, the neighbourhood and the neighbours? WinWind (Netherlands) has come up with a unique answer, the Railwind turbine.
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The Netherlands has a high potential for using wind turbine generators (WTGs) to produce electricity. Unfortunately, the Netherlands also has a chronic lack of free, open spaces and the major problem is finding suitable locations to erect these symbols of Dutch ingenuity. Where in the Netherlands are locations to be found to accommodate the large, multi-megawatt wind generators while taking into consideration the environment, the neighbourhood and the neighbours? WinWind (Netherlands) has come up with a unique answer, the Railwind turbine.- Category: Articles
A Foundation Concept for Offshore Wind Farms
Steel monopile foundations dominate in today’s offshore wind business. ENERGI E2 has a long track record in offshore wind and has worked with concrete gravity foundations as well as steel monopiles. The costs of the main structure of steel monopiles are more than twice as high as those of concrete gravity foundations. Installation of the two types of foundation is likely to be in the same cost range – which would mean that the total cost of concrete gravity foundations should be lower than that of monopile foundations. The very low cost of the concrete foundations for Nysted Offshore Wind Farm illustrate this. It also seems that in the North Sea concrete gravity foundations are more cost effective. Concrete gravity would seem to have potential to become the future foundation concept for offshore wind, and ENERGI E2 intends to exploit the potential of using these foundations.By Per Vølund, ENERGI E2 A/S, Denmark
- Category: Articles
Offshore Resource Assessment Using a Mesoscale Model and GIS
The grid integration of wind energy is an important issue in Japan. Offshore wind development is likely to play an important role in overcoming the limitations of the grid integration of wind energy. This article describes the results from a joint research project by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) and the University of Tokyo, including wind resource assessment using a mesoscale meteorological model and a geographical information system (GIS).By Takeshi Ishihara and Atsushi Yamaguchi, University of Tokyo, Japan
- Category: Articles
Constant Speed Turbines on a Grid with Variable Frequency
A critical property of an offshore wind turbine is its reliability. The concept presented here aims to improve turbine reliability via the use of a permanent magnet induction machine. This allows the gearbox and converter to be abandoned, thereby reducing the total number of parts. To adapt the rotation speed to the wind speed, a new control concept with just one central converter is used to control the frequency of the park grid. At partial load a maximum power point control is applied to find the optimal frequency. Active stall and pitch control have been investigated at rated load.By Eckehard Tröster, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
- Category: Articles
A Global Wind Monitoring and Wind Energy Prediction System
Some characteristics of wind are, unfortunately, still unpredictable, and this is a significant problem in the employment of wind energy. One of the more serious difficulties connected with measurements for wind energy assessment is the source of the data that is being analysed. It is important that a wind report takes into account which data is being represented, where this data comes from, how weather stations were calibrated, how maintenance and control are carried out, how the data was transmitted, gathered and stored, and how it is represented. The four-year old Aeolus Project has developed software oriented towards wind energy technical survey and its industrial development.
By Eric Spinadel, Alejandro J. Gesino and Luis Mariano Faiella, Argentine Wind Energy Association
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Some characteristics of wind are, unfortunately, still unpredictable, and this is a significant problem in the employment of wind energy. One of the more serious difficulties connected with measurements for wind energy assessment is the source of the data that is being analysed. It is important that a wind report takes into account which data is being represented, where this data comes from, how weather stations were calibrated, how maintenance and control are carried out, how the data was transmitted, gathered and stored, and how it is represented. The four-year old Aeolus Project has developed software oriented towards wind energy technical survey and its industrial development.By Eric Spinadel, Alejandro J. Gesino and Luis Mariano Faiella, Argentine Wind Energy Association
- Category: Articles
Value and Additional Costs of Large-Scale Wind Integration
In the next few years, there are plans to connect a variety of ambitious offshore wind projects to the European grids. In addition to new grid connection lines and grid reinforcement measures it is expected that additional measures for overall system operation will be required because of the intermittent nature of wind generation. In the short term, on timescales from less than a second to several hours, a variety of balancing services are necessary in order to maintain stable system operation. In the long term, wind generation can provide only limited contributions to guaranteed system capacities (e.g. in the event of peak demand). In this article, these aspects are addressed comprehensively when analysing the economics of large-scale intermittent wind generation. An approach is presented to estimate the additional system-related cost elements for different wind penetrations in a system.
By Hans Auer, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
- Category: Articles
A New Approach to Tightening Bolts
Throughout the world bolts are tightened in accordance with procedures based upon the application of a predetermined torque. However, regardless of the accuracy to which the torque is applied, the actual load present in the fastener can vary by as much as 60%. Factors such as lubrication, thread fits, washer hardness and human error can all contribute to the variability when applying a correct load.By Ben Walters, Managing Director, Scana UK Ltd, UK
